Prognathism
Prognathism refers to the forward positioning of either the upper jaw (maxillary prognathism) or the lower jaw (mandibular prognathism), which can significantly alter the natural facial profile. This misalignment is often genetically determined but can also result from environmental factors such as disturbed dental development, prolonged thumb sucking, or tongue thrusting.
Depending on the type, affected individuals may present with a prominent chin (mandibular prognathism) or a protruding upper lip (maxillary prognathism). In many cases, the misalignment is accompanied by functional impairments, including difficulty chewing, speaking, or breathing.
Diagnosis is made through clinical examination and imaging techniques such as X-rays. Treatment depends on the severity and may range from orthodontic interventions like braces to surgical procedures aimed at correcting jaw alignment and improving facial aesthetics.